Pharma BD Deal Intelligence

Gilead Sciences, Inc. / Xilio Therapeutics, Inc.

2024 · Licensing/Option · $544M · Pending

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On March 27, 2024, Xilio Therapeutics granted Gilead Sciences an exclusive global license to develop and commercialize XTX301, a tumor-activated IL-12, and specified other IL-12-directed molecules. Xilio received $43.5 million in upfront payments, comprising $30.0 million in cash and an initial equity investment by Gilead of approximately $13.5 million in Xilio common stock. Xilio is eligible for up to $29.0 million in additional equity investments and a development milestone, and - if Gilead exercises its option for efarindodekin alfa (XTX301) - up to $500.0 million in development, regulatory and sales-based milestones plus tiered royalties ranging from high single digits to mid-teens. Xilio remained responsible for clinical development through an initial planned Phase 2 dose expansion; Gilead may then elect to assume development and commercialization on payment of a $75 million transition fee.

Did it work? Outcome assessment

Strategic verdict
Partially Achieved

Note: this deal's 5-year assessment window closes ~2029; the outcome grade above is a projected assessment, not yet finalized.

Key facts

Disease & market context

Advanced solid tumors

Disease Overview

Interleukin-12 is a potent immune-activating cytokine whose clinical development has historically been limited by severe systemic toxicity. Tumor-activated ("masked") cytokine engineering aims to restrict IL-12 activity to the tumor microenvironment, where proteases cleave the masking domain, in order to decouple anti-tumor activity from systemic inflammatory toxicity.

Competitive Landscape

Multiple sponsors pursue conditionally activated cytokines and cytokine prodrugs, including Werewolf Therapeutics (INDUKINE IL-12 and IL-2 programs), Bright Peak and Asher Bio in engineered IL-2/IL-18/IL-21, and Xilio itself in masked IL-2 and anti-CTLA-4. Differentiation rests on the specificity of the masking/cleavage design rather than on the cytokine payload.

Deal timeline

Related deals — scored

DealYearValueOutcome
Gilead Sciences, Inc. / Xilio Therapeutics, Inc. (this deal)2024$544M67
Gilead Sciences, Inc. / MacroGenics, Inc.2026$10M60
Nuvation Bio Inc. / AnHeart Therapeutics, Ltd.2024100
Novo Holdings A/S / Catalent (manufacturing sites)2024$11.0B81
Novartis AG / PTC Therapeutics Inc.2024$2.9B80
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated / Alpine Immune Sciences2024$4.9B78
Johnson & Johnson / Shockwave Medical2024$13.1B76

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